Candidate: David Agyei. Assessment: 18 June 2026, 14:00. AM2 Q&A AM1 Professional Discussion
When the assessor asks "which models or frameworks underpinned your approach?", use this table. Name the theory, say where you used it, then evaluate it (the evaluation is what moves Pass to Distinction).
| Decision Area | Theory / Framework to Name | Where it appears | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Change management | Lewin's unfreeze/change/refreeze model to diagnose Phase 1 failure; Kotter's "creating urgency" for Phase 2 coalition building | Proposal Section 9 closing observation; Root Cause analysis | AM1 + AM2 |
| Coaching practice | GROW model (Goal, Reality, Options, Will); non-directive, person-centred approach; systemic coaching CPD | Coaching Testimonials 2025; West Midlands Coaching Pool; ELD K4.2, S4.2 | AM1 |
| Financial analysis | Proxy costing with transparent assumption labelling; ADASS/PSSRU as published public sector benchmarks | Cost Avoidance v0.1; Proposal Section 6 | AM2 |
| Leadership approach | Situational Leadership (Hersey and Blanchard): directing vs coaching based on stakeholder readiness | Jim Ford engagement; provider management; coaching testimonials; ELD K4.1 | AM1 + AM2 |
| Options appraisal | Cost-benefit analysis with do-nothing as explicit baseline (Green Book principle) | Proposal Section 8: three alternatives evaluated and rejected | AM2 |
| Project management | Agile/Scrum: empirical process control (inspect and adapt, sprint cadence) | Slide 3 decision; Proposal Section 3; 12-week sprint plan | AM2 |
| Stakeholder management | Mendelow's Power/Interest Matrix | FFP stakeholder mapping; SWANN partner engagement; ELD K6.1 | AM1 + AM2 |
Each card gives you the justification for choosing the theory, its limitations in your context (this is the distinction bit), and a sentence you can say out loud.
Phase 1 used a linear, waterfall approach. Requirements changed partway through and the project could not adapt. Stakeholder confidence in the PMO's delivery ability was affected. Agile's inspect-and-adapt cadence allowed SWANN Phase 2 to deliver visible, incremental outputs at each sprint, which maintained stakeholder confidence during the council's financial emergency. Short sprint cycles also meant that if requirements changed again, the cost of change was contained.
"I chose an agile sprint approach because Phase 1's waterfall failure showed that stakeholder confidence needed visible, incremental delivery. I adapted Scrum principles to fit council procurement constraints rather than implementing it in a pure form."
Green Book best practice requires genuine options comparison including a do-nothing baseline. Without a do-nothing option, a recommendation reads as a foregone conclusion rather than a justified choice. Including three genuine alternatives and evaluating each against explicit criteria makes the recommendation defensible under scrutiny from commissioners, senior leaders, or an assessor.
"I structured the options appraisal with an explicit do-nothing baseline, following Green Book principles, so the recommendation is justified against alternatives rather than presented as the only option. I would acknowledge it is a proportionate rather than exhaustive appraisal at this project scale."
A non-directive, person-centred approach enables the coachee to discover their own solutions rather than receiving direction. This is both more sustainable (the coachee owns the outcome) and more appropriate in coaching relationships where the coach is not the line manager and does not have the full context of the coachee's situation. GROW (Goal, Reality, Options, Will) provides a structured conversation framework that keeps the session purposeful without prescribing the answer.
"I use the GROW model as a framework but the core principle is non-directive: the coachee owns the solution. The skill is knowing when to shift from non-directive to more directive support based on readiness, which is a judgement call the model doesn't make for you."
The proposal's closing observation states: "governance structures built retrospectively under pressure; should not happen again." This is a systemic diagnosis of why Phase 1 failed. Lewin's unfreeze/change/refreeze model provides the explanatory framework: Phase 1 changed the technology (the "change" stage) without ever completing the "unfreeze" stage. Stakeholder buy-in was assumed rather than built. Kotter's model of building a guiding coalition and creating visible short-term wins informed the Phase 2 design.
"I drew on Lewin's model to diagnose why Phase 1 failed. The technology was changed but the working practices were never unfrozen first. Phase 2 corrects that sequence. Kotter's coalition-building informed how I structured the partnership engagement before any technical build began."
The FFP project involved stakeholders ranging from a Director of Children's Services down to operational staff, with no single reporting line connecting them. Mendelow gave a structured basis for deciding how to allocate engagement effort and what level of information each stakeholder needed. Director Shaw required detailed briefing; operational staff required simple takeaways from the analysis.
"I used Mendelow's power/interest matrix to structure my stakeholder approach, but I found it had to be supplemented with relational trust-building because power and interest alone don't capture emotional investment in the status quo."
No internal unit cost data existed for escalations from early help to statutory social care within Shropshire Council. ADASS (Association of Directors of Adult Social Services) and PSSRU (Personal Social Services Research Unit) produce published, peer-reviewed unit cost benchmarks used by HMT-approved analysts across the public sector. Using them as proxies gave the financial case a credible and replicable basis without waiting for internal data that did not exist.
"The £390k is illustrative, using ADASS/PSSRU proxies because internal unit cost data doesn't exist yet. Every assumption is labelled. The purpose of Phase 2 is to build the infrastructure that replaces proxies with actuals. That's why the measurement framework recommendation matters as much as the portal."
Different stakeholders had different readiness levels for change. Jim Ford (experienced, resistant) needed a different approach to Charlotte Saywell (capable, willing). Applying the same leadership style to every participant would have been counterproductive. Situational leadership gave a structured basis for adjusting approach deliberately rather than reactively.
"I applied situational leadership to adjust my approach by stakeholder. Directing with Jim Ford who needed clarity on rationale, coaching with providers to adapt their processes, delegating to Charlotte Saywell. The challenge was doing this without line authority, which meant influence had to substitute for direction."
These are the questions most likely to be asked and most likely to cost marks if answered at Pass level. For each one: the Pass answer is what most candidates say. The Distinction answer is what you should say. The evidence anchor tells you which file to reference if needed.
Presentation Slide 2 (managing self and workstream prioritisation); ELD B3.3, K5.1; SWANN updates.
Proposal Section 1 (strategic context); Cost Avoidance v0.1; ELD Golden Thread statement; ELD K1.3, S4.1.
Evidence 9 (FFP Comms Update email chain); ELD K6.1, S6.1, B1.3, B4.2; Charlotte Saywell testimony.
SWANN updates 3 June file; RAID log; Success Outcomes v0.1; ELD B1.3.
Cost Avoidance v0.1 (Evidence: supporting evidence folder); Proposal Section 6; ELD K1.3, B4.2.
Cost Avoidance v0.1 (five outstanding questions); SWANN ToR (TBC field); Root Cause analysis; ELD S8.1, K8.1.
ELD Theory Map table (Quick Reference section); Proposal Sections 3, 6, 8, 9; all Group 1 and Group 2 KSBs.
SWANN SPoR ToR v1.0; RAID log (8 risks, 2 issues); ELD B1.3, B4.2.
These are the specific verbal behaviours that separate a Distinction performance from a Merit or Pass in a live assessment. Read before Wednesday. Say them out loud.
| If an assessor asks about... | Pass answer does this | Distinction answer does this |
|---|---|---|
| A decision you made | Describes what the decision was and the rationale | Names the criteria used to make the decision, describes the alternatives rejected, and identifies what was accepted as the cost of the chosen option |
| A framework or model | Names the framework and describes how it was used | Names the framework, describes how it was used, and then critiques its limitation in this specific context |
| A gap or weakness | Acknowledges the gap honestly | Acknowledges the gap, explains why it was accepted, describes the mitigation in place, and identifies what the residual risk is |
| A piece of evidence | Describes what the document shows | Tells the story behind the document: the context, the action taken, the outcome, and what was learned from it |
| Stakeholder challenge | Describes who the stakeholder was and what the challenge involved | Describes the power dynamic, the emotional component, the approach taken, why that approach rather than another, the outcome, and what would be done differently next time |
| Your development | Identifies a learning or development need | Identifies the learning, describes how practice changed as a result, and provides external evidence that the change was observable (e.g. Steve Humphrey's quote, coaching testimonial outcomes) |